|
The main difference between the methods is that grilling applies the heat to the bottom surface of the meat, and broiling applies heat to the top surface. Also, grilling infuses the pork with a smoky flavor from the meat juices that drip during the grilling process. When broiling, this infusion of flavor does not occur.
Grilling and broiling are ideal for cooking smaller pork cuts, such as chops, steaks, ham slices, tenderloins, ribs, ground pork patties, sausages, and kabobs. Because grilling and broiling use high heat and short cooking times, it tends to toughen the meat, so it is best to use the most tender cuts available. Lean pork cuts will benefit from marinating before they are grilled or broiled.
Pork steaks and pork chops that are going to be grilled or broiled should be a minimum of ¾ to 1 inch thick because the high heat will cook the meat quickly. If the cuts are thinner than this, it is easy to overcook the meat, causing it to dry out. The meat must be watched carefully while cooking by either of these methods. Coating the pork with a little oil or marinating it before cooking will help keep it moist. It is important that the heat source be properly preheated so that it seals the juices into the meat quickly. The temperature at which the pork is cooked and the distance it is placed from the heat source are both important for providing tender, juicy, properly done pork.
Grilling | Broiling | Grilling and Broiling Tips
Grilling
The grilling process cooks foods over a high heat source, either directly, indirectly, or a combination of both. Grilling temperatures typically reach as high as 650ºF, but any temperature above 300°F is suitable as a grilling temperature. The high heat of grilling sears the surface of pork, creating meat with a flavorful crust. The required cooking temperature and the method of grilling (direct, indirect, or a combination) depends on the cut of pork and the quality of the meat. Because pork today is raised to be very lean, it is important it is not overcooked in order to produce the best results.
There are many different types of grills available today that can be used when grilling pork. For information on the different types of grills, see Types of Grills. It is important that the grill is set up properly and reaches the appropriate temperature for the cut of pork that is being grilled to ensure that it produces in a juicy, tender finished product that is cooked to the proper doneness. For information on setting up a charcoal or gas grill, see Outdoor Grilling Safety and Preparation.
When grilling, pork should be cooked at a medium heat. For information on checking the temperature of the grill, see Estimating Heat Level. The thicker the cut the farther away from the heat source it should be or the heat source should be at a lower temperature to prevent the outside of the cut from burning before the inside is properly cooked. You will also have to decide whether you will use direct or indirect heat during the grilling time. Depending on the cut, you may use both. A cut of pork may require direct heat to seal the outside and indirect to allow the cut to cook thoroughly to the center.
Indirect Heat:
Cooking with indirect heat occurs when you use an area of the grill that is not directly over the heat source. Using indirect heat slows the cooking process down, which allows the center of the cut to cook thoroughly without burning the outside. On charcoal grills, coals are pushed to one side of the grill or banked into a ring around the outer edges. On gas grills, the side of the burner, which is below the area where the food will be placed, is turned off after the grill is preheated. Using one of the indirect setups will provide an area on the grill that is a low heat source. The meat is placed over the area in which there are no coals or over the burner that is turned off on a gas grill. Indirect heat is good for cooking larger cuts of meat, such as roasts, ribs and ham.
|
Indirect Heat Grilling on Charcoal Grills
Once the meat is prepared and the charcoals have been heated properly (see Charcoal Grill Setup), there are several easy steps to follow in order to cook pork with indirect heat on a charcoal grill. |
- There are different setups that can be used for indirect grilling on the charcoal grill. The coals can be pushed to one side of the grill and a pan placed on the opposite side. The pan is used to catch the fat as it melts and drips from the meat while cooking. This will help reduce flare-ups.
|
|
- An alternative method for arranging coals for indirect heat grilling is to place half the coals on one side of the grill and the other half on the opposite side. Some charcoal grills are equipped with side baskets, which can be used for this purpose. A drip pan is placed between the coals in the location where the meat will be cooked.
|
|
- A third method of arranging the coals is to bank them into a ring around the outer edges. Again, a drip pan is placed in the middle of the coals and when the grate is placed on the grill, this is the area the meat will be placed on the grate.
- When using any of the indirect methods, the pork is generally cooked with the cover on the grill.
|
|
- Any of the indirect charcoal grill setups provide an area on the grill, directly above the drip pan and away from the coals, that creates the indirect heat area. The meat is generally seared directly over the coals first and then moved to the indirect heat area to finish cooking
|
Direct Heat:
Cooking with direct heat occurs when you cook the meat directly over the heat source. The meat is cooked quickly over medium or high heat coals or over burners set to medium or high heat on a gas grill. Direct heat is used when grilling food that cooks in 30 or less minutes, such as chops, steaks, ham slices, ground patties, and precooked sausages. Fresh sausages should be poached to precook before grilling or they should be grilled using indirect heat.
| Direct Heat Grilling on Charcoal Grills |
- When using direct heat on a charcoal grill, the coals are generally spread in an even layer on the bottom of the grill to provide a consistently hot, even temperature under the entire cooking surface. It is beneficial to leave a small area along the edge where there are no coals. This provides a section where food can be moved if a flare up occurs while the meat is being cooked.
|
|
- To help prevent the meat from sticking to the grate on which it will be placed, brush the grate with oil and preheat the grill before placing the meat on the grate. The grill should be heated to a medium heat (see Grill Temperatures).
|
|
- The cooking temperature typically reaches 450ºF to 650ºF when grilling over direct heat. Thin cuts of meat are quickly grilled over such high temperatures, so check often and watch carefully for visual signs of doneness. It is generally suggested to turn the cuts only once.
|
| Direct Heat Grilling on Gas Grills |
- When grilling pork with direct heat on a gas grill, all of the burners are turned on to provide a uniform temperature under the entire cooking surface (grate).
|
|
- Pork chops work well for direct heat grilling. While the grill is preheating, brush the surface of the chops with oil to help prevent them from sticking to the grate.
|
|
- It is also beneficial to brush oil on the grates before placing the food on them to help prevent sticking.
|
|
- Place the chops on the oiled grate once the grill has preheated to the proper temperature (see Grill Temperatures). Place the chops so that they are evenly space and not touching each other. Also, do not overcrowd the grate with too much food so if flare-ups occur from the drippings, there is room to move pieces out of the way of the flames.
|
|
- The meat is generally cooked with the hood down and is turned once during the cooking process. The meat is cooked quickly over burners set on medium to high heat.
|
|
- Thin chops, under ¾ inch thick, should be cooked over high heat for only 2 or 3 minutes per side and watched carefully to prevent overcooking. When grilling chops, use tongs or a spatula to turn the meat. A fork should not be used because it will pierce the meat, allowing juices to escape.
|
|
- While the meat is cooking, be sure to watch the pieces carefully, turning when one side is nicely browned. It is generally suggested to turn the cuts only once. The second side may not brown as much as the first before the chops are done.
|
|
- Check for doneness after 2 minutes of cooking on the second side to prevent overcooking. Chops should be removed when they are cut into and the inside is still slightly pink. They will continue to cook when removed from the heat source and allowed to rest.
|
Broiling
The benefit from the infusion of smoked flavoring that occurs when grilling does not occur when broiling pork. It relies on the caramelizing of the surface, or the addition of seasoning to enhance the flavor. Flavor can be added by the use of a mixture of herbs, marinades or basting sauces.
As with grilling, the distance from the heat source is important for proper cooking. You want to produce a pork cut that has a golden brown surface and a juicy, tender inside that is thoroughly cooked but not overcooked.
To check for proper cooking distance when broiling:
- Place a cut of pork on the broiler rack and place the rack on the broiler pan. Set the broiler pan in the oven and measure the distance from the heat source in the oven to the top of the meat.
- The distance should be 3 to 6 inches, depending on the thickness of the cut. Thinner cuts, under 1 ½ inches, should be approximately 3 to 4 inches away and thicker cuts, over 1 ½ inches, should be 4 to 5 inches away.
- Pork cuts that benefit from slower cooking, such as ribs, should be placed 5 or 6 inches away from the heat source.
- After determining the desired broiling distance, adjust oven racks accordingly.
To begin broiling:
- After the oven racks are adjusted properly, place the empty broiler pan and rack back in the oven and preheat it for 9 or 10 minutes.
- Once preheated, the meat should be placed on the preheated broiler rack and then placed in the oven to broil. Do not line the broiler rack with aluminum foil because it will prevent the drippings from falling into the pan below and then flare-ups may occur.
- It is necessary to watch the meat carefully as it cooks, making sure it is not cooking too fast and if it does, adjust the heat accordingly.
- When one side is nicely browned, turn it to the other side to finish cooking.
The length of time a cut of pork should be grilled or broiled depends on the size and thickness of the cut and whether it is bone-in, or boneless. The best way to determine if the cut has cooked long enough is to check for doneness. It is important not to overcook pork or the result will be a tough and dry cut of meat, but if under cooked it will not have the proper flavor or texture. It also needs to be cooked to the proper doneness to make it safe to eat. Shown below are signs to look for to determine doneness.
- Apply pressure to the cut by pressing it with the flat side of a knife. If the cut feels slightly firm it is done but if it is soft and springy, it needs to be cooked longer.
- Cut into the meat and check meat to see that it is opaque in color. When cooked to medium doneness there may be slight traces of pink in the middle.
- To ensure doneness, check with a meat thermometer. A thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the cut should produce a temperature of 145°F for medium doneness (160°F to 165°F for well done).
For best results, the meat should be removed from the heat source when its internal temperature reaches 135°F to 140°F and then allowed to rest (a waiting period before carving) for 10 to 15 minutes. Smaller, thinner cuts only require a resting time of 3 to 5 minutes. During this time the meat will continue to cook and will reach the 145°F. Resting also allows the juices to be distributed through the meat.
Grilling and Broiling Tips
- Preheat grill or broiler to the proper temperature to ensure the meat surface is seared quickly to give it a flavorful crust.
- To prevent the meat from sticking, use clean racks and coat them with vegetable oil or a nonstick vegetable oil spray.
- To keep chops, steaks and ham slices flat while grilling and broiling, clip the fat and rind around the edges at 1 to 1 ½ inch intervals.
- When grilling, aromatic woods such as hickory, mesquite, apple, or cherry can be added to the preheated coals to give the meat a distinctive flavor.
- Do not use a fork to turn the pork cuts as they cook. The piercing causes juices to escape. Use tongs to turn.
- Leave an area in the charcoal grill without coals so that if a flare up occurs or some of the meat is cooking too fast, you can move the meat to this cooler area. On a gas grill, leave one burner on low.
|
